Wednesday, October 18, 2023

Engr. Aneel Kumar

Transmission and Distribution Electrical Equipments

Keywords: transmission and distribution electrical equipment, aging mechanisms, life extension techniques, electrical contacts, insulation materials, power transformers, high-voltage bushings, circuit breakers, monitoring, diagnostics, maintenance.

In our modern world, the reliable transmission and distribution of electrical power is essential for our daily lives. Behind the scenes, a complex network of electrical equipment works tirelessly to ensure that electricity reaches our homes, businesses, and communities. However, like any other mechanical and electrical systems, these power equipment components are not immune to the effects of time and usage. Over the years, they undergo a natural process of aging and deterioration, which can lead to malfunctions, disruptions, and even failures in the power supply.

Understanding the factors that contribute to the aging of transmission and distribution electrical equipment is crucial for maintaining the reliability and safety of our power systems. It requires a deep dive into the intricate world of electrical contacts, insulation materials, power transformers, high-voltage bushings, circuit breakers, and other critical components. By unravelling the mysteries of aging mechanisms and exploring effective life extension techniques, we can ensure that our electrical infrastructure remains robust and resilient.

One of the key areas of focus is the condition of electrical contacts. These tiny yet vital components play a significant role in the performance of electrical equipment. Over time, factors such as overheating, wear, and erosion can degrade the quality of electrical contacts, leading to increased resistance and decreased efficiency. By implementing techniques to enhance wear resistance and carefully monitoring the condition of electrical contacts, we can extend their lifespan and maintain optimal performance.

Insulation materials, another critical aspect of electrical equipment, are also susceptible to aging. The combination of temperature fluctuations, moisture, electrical stress, and mechanical strain can gradually deteriorate the insulation, compromising its effectiveness. To combat this, diligent monitoring and evaluation of insulation materials are essential. By employing various testing methods and identifying potential issues early on, we can prevent premature failures and ensure the longevity of our electrical systems.

Power transformers, the workhorses of the transmission and distribution network, are particularly prone to aging. Insulation deterioration, loss of winding, and overheating are common culprits that can impact their performance and reliability. To mitigate these issues, careful monitoring and control of temperature, oil composition, and partial discharge activity are crucial. Adhering to national and international standards for transformer oil and insulation testing is vital for maintaining the integrity of power transformers.

High-voltage bushings, responsible for transmitting electrical energy, are also susceptible to the effects of aging. Insulation degradation, moisture ingress, and oil contamination can gradually weaken these components. By closely monitoring oil levels, pressure, temperature, and corona and partial discharge activity, we can effectively manage the aging process and ensure the longevity of high-voltage bushings.

Circuit breakers, the guardians of our electrical systems, are not exempt from the aging process. Mechanical wear, contact erosion, and lubrication issues can compromise their performance and reliability. Regular maintenance and lubrication are essential in preventing circuit breaker failures and ensuring their proper functioning. Adhering to industry standards for testing and maintenance practices is crucial for upholding the reliability of these critical components.

In addition to addressing the aging of traditional transmission and distribution electrical equipment, it is equally important to consider the maintenance and life extension techniques specific to renewable energy equipment. As we strive to embrace sustainable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal, wave, geothermal, biomass, and hydroelectric power, ensuring the reliability and safety of these systems becomes paramount. By implementing proper maintenance practices and employing specialized life extension techniques, we can maximize the lifespan and efficiency of renewable energy equipment.

In conclusion, understanding the aging mechanisms of transmission and distribution electrical equipment is vital for maintaining the reliability and safety of our power systems. By exploring effective life extension techniques and implementing proactive monitoring, diagnostics, and maintenance practices, we can ensure that our electrical infrastructure remains resilient, efficient, and capable of meeting the ever-growing demands of our modern world.
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Engr. Aneel Kumar

Differences Between Onshore and Offshore Wind Farms

 Main Keywords:

  • Smart Grid
  • Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
  • Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
  • Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)
  • Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS)
  • Renewable Energy Sources (RESs)
  • Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)
  • Cybersecurity
  • Data Privacy
  • Energy Efficiency
  • Carbon Emissions
  • Machine Learning
  • Regulatory Incentives
  • Grid Reliability
  • Resilience
1. Location: Onshore wind farms are located on land, typically in open areas with favourable wind conditions. Offshore wind farms, on the other hand, are situated in bodies of water, such as oceans or large lakes.

2. Wind Speed: Offshore wind farms generally experience higher wind speeds compared to onshore wind farms. The wind speed over the ocean is typically stronger and more consistent, resulting in potentially higher energy yields for offshore turbines.

3. Energy Potential: Due to the higher wind speeds, offshore wind farms have a greater energy potential compared to onshore wind farms. Offshore turbines can generate up to 50-70% more power than their onshore counterparts.

4. Installation and Construction: Offshore wind farms are more complex and expensive to install than onshore wind farms. The construction process involves specialized equipment, such as barges and cranes, and requires additional infrastructure, such as underwater cables for power transmission.

5. Environmental Impact: Offshore wind farms have different environmental considerations compared to onshore wind farms. Potential impacts include disruption of marine ecosystems, effects on avian populations, and visual interference for coastal residents. Environmental impact assessments are conducted to evaluate and mitigate these effects.

6. Cost: Offshore wind farms generally have higher installation and maintenance costs compared to onshore wind farms. Factors contributing to the increased cost include the need for specialized equipment, longer transmission cables, and the challenges of working in a marine environment.

7. Permitting and Regulations: Offshore wind farms require permits from multiple federal and state agencies, including environmental impact assessments. The regulatory framework for offshore wind farms is still developing in many countries, which can add complexity to the approval process.
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Monday, July 03, 2023

Engr. Aneel Kumar

Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Wind energy is the fastest-growing energy source in the world due to the many advantages that it offers. Continuous research efforts are being made even further to increase the use of wind energy.

Advantages of a Wind Energy Conversion System

a. It is one of the lowest-cost renewable energy technologies that exist today.

b. It is available as a domestic source of energy in many countries worldwide and not restricted to only a few countries, as in the case of oil.

c. It is energized by naturally flowing wind; thus, it is a clean source of energy. It does not pollute the air and cause acid rain or greenhouse gases.

d. It can also be built on farms or ranches and hence can provide the economy in rural areas using only a small fraction of the land. Thus, it still provides opportunity to the landowners to use their land. Also, it provides rent income to the landowners for the use of the land.

Disadvantages of a Wind Energy Conversion System

a. The main challenge to using wind as a source of power is that the wind is intermittent and it does not always blow when electricity is needed. It cannot be stored; not all winds can be harnessed to meet the timing of electricity demands. At the present time, the use of energy storage in battery banks is not economical for large wind turbines.

b. Despite the fact that the cost of wind power has come down substantially in the past 10 years, the technology requires a higher initial investment than the solutions using fossil fuels. Hence, depending on the wind profile at the site, the wind farm may or may not be as cost competitive as a fossil fuel-based power plant.

c. It may have to compete with other uses for the land, and those alternative uses may be more highly valued than electricity generation.

d. It is often that good sites are located in remote locations, far from cities where electricity is needed. Thus, the cost of connecting remote wind farms to the supply grid may be prohibitive.

e. There may be some concerns over the noise generated by the rotor blades and aesthetic problems that can be minimized through technological developments or by correctly siting wind plants

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Thursday, April 20, 2023

Engr. Aneel Kumar

The Future of Engineering: How Emerging Technologies Will Shape the Industry

 Engineering has always been a field that's constantly evolving. However, with the rapid advancements in technology in recent years, the future of engineering looks more exciting than ever before. In this article, we will discuss some of the emerging technologies that are set to shape the engineering industry in the coming years.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)

AI and ML are already making waves in many industries, and engineering is no exception. Engineers are using AI and ML to improve designs, optimize processes, and reduce costs. For example, ML algorithms can analyze large amounts of data to predict when a machine is likely to fail, allowing engineers to schedule maintenance before a breakdown occurs.

3D Printing

3D printing technology has been around for several years now, but it's only recently that it's become more accessible and affordable. Engineers are using 3D printing to create prototypes quickly and cheaply, allowing them to iterate designs more efficiently. It also has the potential to revolutionize manufacturing, enabling mass customization and reducing waste.

Internet of Things (IoT)

The IoT involves connecting devices and sensors to the internet, allowing them to communicate with each other and with humans. In engineering, IoT is being used to monitor equipment, track assets, and improve maintenance. For example, IoT sensors can detect when a machine is vibrating more than usual, indicating a potential problem.

Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR)

VR and AR technologies have the potential to transform the way engineers design and test products. Engineers can use VR and AR to simulate different scenarios, allowing them to test designs before they're built. It also enables remote collaboration, allowing engineers to work together from different locations.

Blockchain

Blockchain technology has the potential to improve supply chain management, reduce fraud, and enhance data security in engineering. Engineers can use blockchain to track materials and components from the source to the end product, ensuring quality and safety.

In conclusion, the future of engineering is bright, with emerging technologies such as AI, 3D printing, IoT, VR/AR, and blockchain set to transform the industry. Engineers who embrace these technologies will be well-positioned to succeed in the years ahead.

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Thursday, April 13, 2023

Engr. Aneel Kumar

Project Support Officer - K-Electric

About the job

Our employees are our company's greatest asset - they are our real competitive advantage. We possesse immense power of innovation, immagination and a desire to attract and retain the best; provide them with encouragement, stimulus, and make them feel that they are an integral part of the company's mission.


Purpose


This position provides support to the Technical team includes:


  • Maintain Data Base Management (Technical)
  • Maintain attendance on TIS
  • Coordination with GSMPO to collect Tripping / APM form data


Database Management


  • To maintain and update 11kV master feeder database.
  • To maintain and update protection relays replacement data (HV OCEF, LV OCEF, Distance Relays, Differential Relays, 11kV feeders OCEF)
  • To update tele-protection status of 220/132/66kV Transmission lines across KE network.
  • To provide support in preparation of Health Index of 220/132/66 kV Auto/Power Transformers across KE Network to evaluate their health.
  • To develop and maintain database of Transformers and Transmission lines tripping for fault categorization
  • Prepare Imprest for general expense
  • To perform role of fleet coordinator and prepare HVA attendance for Department’s vehicle
  • To prepare Stationary Requirement and maintain its Inventory.


Coordination With GSMPO To Collect Tripping/APM Forms Data


  • To review APM forms and performas related to signatures and missing info. Along with this, to trace out the activities performed in APM and develop a report to share with line manager
  • To submit report on planned v/s executed APM shutdowns to higher ups
  • To compile and gather all APM forms along with supportive grid equipment performas with respect to all GSMP Regions.
  • To maintain and update the recommendations pertaining to GSMP Regions against each RCA. Moreover, fill up the compliance received. Later, to share with line manager.


Main Attendance On TIS


  • To Post Attendance, verify Tickets and close it on Decibel.


KE provides equal employment opportunity (EEO) to all persons regardless of age, color, origin, physical or mental disability, race, religion, creed, gender, marital status, status with regard to public assistance or any other characteristic protected by federal, state or local laws.

Click the below link to apply 




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Wednesday, April 12, 2023

Engr. Aneel Kumar

CPD Short Course/Webinar on Cellular Networks (2G to 5G Technology): Future Application

CPD Short Course/Webinar on " Cellular Networks (2G to 5G Technology): Future Application "

Guidelines for registration and participation:

A CPD certificate (1 CPD point) will be awarded to the registered participants who will attend the complete webinar. After Registration:

For Online Participation:  https://us02web.zoom.us/.../reg.../WN_twAp_Y2HQQK16HB8cDyhbQ 

Note:

At the time of registration, please provide the correct PEC registration number, a valid email address, and your CNIC for receiving your CPD e-certificate.

E-certificates will be sent to only registered participants who will attend the webinar on Zoom or on Facebook Live (after registration).




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Friday, March 10, 2023

Engr. Aneel Kumar

The Benefits and Applications of Star-Delta Motor Starters

Star-delta starters are a popular method for starting electric motors. They provide a number of benefits and can be used in a variety of applications. In this article, we will explore the advantages of using a star-delta starter for motor control, as well as some of the applications in which they are commonly used.

One of the main benefits of a star-delta starter is that it reduces the inrush current when starting a motor. Inrush current is the surge of current that flows through a motor when it is first turned on. This surge can cause damage to the motor and to other electrical equipment on the same circuit. By using a star-delta starter, the inrush current is reduced, which protects the motor and other equipment.

Another benefit of a star-delta starter is that it reduces the torque during the starting phase. This is important because motors can generate very high torque during the starting phase, which can cause damage to the driven equipment. By reducing the torque during the starting phase, a star-delta starter can help to protect the driven equipment.

Star-delta starters are commonly used in applications where there is a high starting torque required. This includes applications such as conveyor belts, compressors, and pumps. They are also commonly used in applications where there is a high inrush current, such as in mining and heavy industry.

One of the challenges of using a star-delta starter is that it requires additional wiring and control equipment. This can make them more complex and expensive to install than other types of motor starters. However, the benefits they provide in terms of reduced inrush current and torque make them a popular choice for many applications.

In conclusion, star-delta starters are an effective and popular method for starting electric motors. They provide a number of benefits, including reduced inrush current and torque during the starting phase, and are commonly used in applications where there is a high starting torque required. While they can be more complex and expensive to install than other types of motor starters, their benefits make them a popular choice for many applications in heavy industry, mining, and other industries where high starting torque and reduced inrush current are critical.

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